Pascal's Triangle (or Yanghui's Triangle)
Commentary
When I was creating the actual game play, I found that probability is key to a successful game. If things are too random, chaos ensues. If things are not random enough, then the game play can become boring.
I used Pascal's Triangle to help calculate probability. (Yanghui, a Chinese mathematician, discovered the triangle 500 years before Pascal did.)
For you math/crypto people out there see if you can find Fibonacci Numbers when you play the game...